The reliance on crude oil exports has grown in recent decades in the Iran economy. The unremitting imports, coupled with the dependence of oil exports as a result of the rise in crude oil prices, have largely led to a Dutch disease phenomenon that increased revenues from natural resources have raised concerns for those who are familiar with the economies of underdeveloped countries. Diversifying exports to reduce dependence on natural resources exports can reduce the vulnerability of the economy to shocks and prevent the occurrence of Dutch disease. Regarding the necessity of liberation from the single product economy and the importance of the industries and agriculture sectors in the economy, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of oil revenue fluctuations on export of agricultural and industrial products in Iran using the method of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag models (ARDL) in accordance with the model Ahmed et al. (2012). For this purpose, annual data the relationship between oil is used during the period (1391-1391). The results of this estimation show that revenue fluctuations and exports of agricultural products is positive, but there is a negative relationship with the export of industrial products in the long run.

 Economic growth, reducing inequality of income and unemployment are at core of governments’ tasks,. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of productivity of labor on economic growth and income inequality, using time series data for the period of 1981-2012. To estimate relationship among variables, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was employed that led to two equations for economic growth and income inequality. The results from the first model show that labor productivity has a negative and significant correlation with income during the period of study, i.e. one percent increase in labor productivity, will lead to 33% decrease in income distribution. Results from the second model, however, indicate a positive relationship between labor productivity and economic growth; that means one per cent increase in labor productivity, cause 61% increase in GDP. Diagnostic tests also showed that the used models have had appropriate efficacy.

Abstract
The share of production factors of value added and national income is considered as one of the main components of the income distribution system which indicates the role and the importance of these factors in economic activities. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to analyze the share of labor and capital from the value added in Iran and some selected countries in 2011 using the latest version of Input - Output tables. The selected countries include Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Kuwait, Canada, China, South Korea, America, Japan and Australia. The share of labor and capital in any of the economic sub-sectors was calculated in Iran. The results, then, were compared with the obtained results from the selected countries. Final results show that the share of labor force from the value added was much less than the share of capital in Iran. The highest share of the labor force was equal to 49/70 percent in banking and insurance sub - sector. The share of the labor force in the agriculture, building, industries, wholesale and retail sub- sectors in Iran was lower in comparison with selected countries both developed and developing ones. The share of labor force in mining sub-sector in Iran was lower than the selected developed and developing countries except for Kuwait. However, Iran's share of labor force in food products sub - sector was the least in comparison with all selected countries except Australia and India. Furthermore, in textiles, wood and paper sub - sectors, the share of labor in Iran was lower than developed and the developing countries except for India. Iran ranked fourth among developed and developing countries in electricity, gas, water, banking and insurance sub - sectors.
 

 Creation of job opportunities in proportion of increasing of manpower supply is an undeniable requirement in Iran’s economy. It needs an investment in the sectors in order to able to speed up meeting this requirement and the expenditure of creating a job opportunity in a sector to be lower than the other ones. Since there is a negative attitude toward service sector and it is treated as broking, it does not yet gain its actual status in Iran’s economy. The capital is the most fundamental factor of production. It plays a pivotal role in enhancing the level of production and the manufacturing activities and thus reinforcing the productivity of the other production factors. About a fourth of domestic gross product and foreign exchange income resulting from exporting of non-oil commodities and employment in country and supplying of almost 80% of foodstuffs are met by agriculture sector. On the other hand, increase of investment in the industry sector enables the economic growth, job creation and export development, enhancement of income as well as per capita production. In addition to having the functions of creating direct job, the industry sector produces indirect job, reducing the unemployment significantly. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of investment in service, industry and agriculture sectors on employment and income distribution in Iran. It was carried out for period of time 1980-2010. In this study, the investment, value-added, productive manpower, employment and income variables were used for all the sectors. The estimations were done by VAR and Logit-Probit procedures. The results showed that the effect of investment on employment in agriculture sector is stronger than the two other ones. However, in studying of the effect of investment on income distribution, it was explored that the industry sector is stronger than both service and agriculture Factors.

 As an important and major goal, reaching development depends on optimal usage of all country’s resources particularly human source which is considered as one of the most important capitals of every country. For this reason the main aim of this research is to illuminate the relation between entrepreneurship as a thinking capital and economic growth in 50 selected countries including Iran during the years 2004 and 2011. Thus, data of economic growth and entrepreneurship have respectively been used as dependent and independent variables while the proportion of government expenditure to cross Domestic production, trade liberty, inflation and rate of enrollment in school have been applied as explanatory variables. The data of this study has been collected from Global Entrepreneurial Monitor (GEM) and the world bank. The outcomes of research indicate that entrepreneurship has positive and meaningful effect on economic growth. They also show the influence of other explanatory variables on economic growth. Meanwhile, rate of enrollment in schools and trade liberty have positive effect on economic growth while the proportion of government expenditure to gross Domestic production has negative effect categorization.

Inequality in distribution of income and wealth causes many problems in economic, social and political fields in a society. Governments regulate the redistribution of income through fiscal policy, such as taxes, subsidies and grants. Since taxes have a more fundamental role than other economic measures in adjusting the distribution of income and wealth in a society, this study attempts to present a prioritization for the taxation in economic sectors in order to reduce income inequalities. Therefore, using the 1380 Social Accounting Matrix and IO-SAM and MATS software, the consequences of increases in tax rates were determined for each economic sector. Moreover, the total effects were divided into direct and indirect effects. The results indicated that increasing tax rates in sections like motor vehicles, air transport services, fuel, posts, telecommunications and support services increases the cost of living index less for low-income households, thus they can pay more taxes in these sectors.On the other hand, due to the high consumption of low-income households in the electricity, kerosene, flour, animal and vegetable oils, meat, dairy products, road transportation services, tea, sugar sectors the cost of living index would increase more in such sectors. Therefore, it is better that these sections pay less tax than others.

The impact of globalization on income distribution as one of the most controversial issues between supporters and opponents of globalization has been a lot of research and the effects of globalization on income distribution in the world have studied. Therefore, given the importance of this problem, in this study the effect of globalization on income distribution has been tried in selected developing countries are examined. The purpose of this paper to investigate the impact of globalization on income distribution in selected developing countries during the 2010-1999Bh panel data methods. The results showed that the variable of globalization on income distribution, a positive and statistically significant, but the effect of inflation on income distribution, however, is positive but not significant. The urbanization variable income distribution is negative and significant. The unemployment rate is a significant positive effect on income distribution.